The Pug Today–From a Breeder Judge’s Perspective 一位繁育者，审查员眼中的巴哥犬

原作者：Jason Huff, 由犬界网翻译，未经允许不可转载。

Copyright of photos and text belongs to Dog Show World, do not forward without permission.

Mr. Huff is President of the Pug Dog Club of America. He has bred, exhibited and judged Pugs for several years. Jason lives in Cincinnati，OH with his beloved Pugs and Frenchies.

作者简介：Jason Huff, 美国巴哥犬俱乐部主席，从事巴哥犬繁殖，展示与审查工作多年，目前与其巴哥犬，法 国斗牛犬居住在俄亥俄州，辛辛那提。

The Pug Today–From a Breeder Judge’s Perspective

一位繁育者，审查员眼中的巴哥犬

Pugs have come a long way in the past few years. The good news is that our breeders are better today than ever in aligning their breeding programs to our Pug Standard. This means judges new to Pugs get to see dogs that across the board are consistently  typey. Breeders are doing a fantastic job building strong breed type that is more cobby and square with a big round head and a tight curly tail. We are nor seeing as much extreme type in the ring these days, and by extreme I mean Pugs that are longer and larger than the Pug Standard, as well as Pugs that are under 14 lbs. and too small to even be in the ring. Our breeders are truly focused on creating a Pug that is compact—multum in parvo.

近几年来，巴哥犬种发展良好，更值得高兴的是，我们的犬种繁育者比以往更加懂得调整犬种标准以达到更好的繁殖效果。这就意味着，刚接触巴哥犬种的新手裁判所看到的巴哥犬，无论国籍，都有其品种特征。繁育者们的工作十分伟大，他们正在培育一个强壮的品种，这种优良犬种拥有一个浑圆的头部，紧凑卷曲的尾巴。在如今的赛场上，我们还没有见过这种完美的巴哥犬。在这里，我指的是：比标准巴哥更长，更大，体重在14磅以下的巴哥犬，当然赛场上也没有出现过体型很小的巴哥犬。我们的繁育者的真正目标是培育出体型虽小，但强壮结实且质感完美的巴哥犬。

We all know there are no perfect Pugs and while breeders strive for perfection, there is always work to do. For example, we should not be able to see a waistline when viewing a Pug from above, and we should not see a tuck up on the side view. When viewed from the rear, a Pug without a waist will have a square appearance. Breeders’ focus on improving top lines has paid off, with significant improvement displayed for all to see as the Pug moves around the ring. Our Pugs’ headpieces are stronger than ever, but we still see Pugs whose ears are too large for their heads. When alert, the Pug should exhibit button ears that are level with the top of the skull and the tip of the ear should be level with the middle of the eye.

众所周知，没有绝对完美的巴哥犬，但是我们的培育者致力于完美，这对于我们来说任重而道远。比如，我们从上方观察巴哥时，不能看到其腰线；从侧面观察时，不能看见一丝褶皱；从后方观察时，我们往往不会看到巴哥的腰部，且犬只体型呈方形。培育者们将注意力放到提升犬只背线上，效果十分明显。从赛场上的参赛巴哥来看，我们取得了非常可观的进步。经过努力，巴哥犬的头部增大，但是耳朵却由于过大而无法直立。警惕状态下，巴哥犬的耳朵应该发生变化，耳朵应与头骨保持水平，耳尖应与眼睛中部保持平行。

Speaking of Pug eyes, there is a misconception that a light clear eye is a healthy, correct eye. One of the most endearing parts of Pug is the required dark round eye. Light eyes do not give the proper expression in the breed and they are distracting. A light eye, clear or not, is incorrect.

再谈谈巴哥犬的眼睛吧。很多人会误认为浅色干净的眼睛就是健康，合格的眼睛。巴哥犬最招人喜爱的特点之一便是它黑色浑圆的眼睛。在犬种培育中，浅色的眼睛不会让人印象深刻，缺乏灵力，容易让人分心。眼睛呈浅色，不管干净与否，都是不合格的。

Coat color is always a big topic in judging Pugs. I believe strongly that judges should judge the overall Pug and only then consider coat color. Judge every part of the dog first—does it have a high-set tail, beautiful type, and gorgeous head? Exhibitors  present a number of variations of fawn. Just remember when judging the Pug that there needs to be a contrast between the black of the face and ears and the fawn coat.

评价巴哥犬时，被毛颜色是一个很重要的标准。我认为，审查员在对巴哥犬的整体进行评估之后，其次就只需要考虑被毛的因素就已足够。检查犬只身体的每个部位，尾巴是否高高卷起，身型是否优美，头部是否完美？大多数参赛者携带的巴哥犬，被毛都是不同的浅褐色。不过只需要记住一点，评价巴哥犬，我们只需要比较黑色的面部，耳朵以及浅褐色的被毛。

Every new Pug judge must pay close attention to how they examine the bite, as it is a  major concern for exhibitors, in fact, it can be a deal breaker for exhibitors concerned about their dogs. There is no need to see the teeth or handle the mouth. To examine the bite on a Pug put the thumb in front of the mouth to feel the slightly undershot bite. It is easy to intimidate any Pug but especially a puppy, so I speak to them gently, approach slowly, go over the Pugs body and examine the bite last.

每一个新手巴哥审查员都需要注意犬只的咬合部位，因为这对参赛犬主来说很重要，事实上，他们非常在意，因为这很有可能会影响到他们的生意。不需要观察狗狗的牙齿或者检查口腔，我们只需要把拇指放在犬只嘴上，轻轻感受下颌的咬合。这样很容易吓到犬只，尤其是幼犬，所以每一次我都会告诉他们，动作要轻柔，轻轻靠近，慢慢越过犬只的身体，最后检查咬合。

I’ve had judges ask me about wrinkles down the back. The key thing to remember when examining the Pug is you need to get your fingers under the wrinkles to see if the top line is level.

也有一些审查员询问我关于巴哥背部褶皱的问题。关于这点，当你审查巴哥犬只时，最关键的不是褶皱，而是要用你的手指去感受褶皱下面背线是否水平。

Our breeders have done an outstanding job breeding black Pugs in the past few years! We see an increasing number of beautiful heads and Pugs that are just as typey as fawns. Competition is difficult with black Pugs, however, because usually there are more fawns in the ring than blacks and the quality of fawns has also improved, making it difficult for blacks to stand out in a crowd of fawns.

过去几年里，繁育工作者们取得突破，繁育出了黑色的巴哥犬。我们看到越来越多如同浅褐色巴哥犬一样拥有漂亮头部的巴哥犬。不过黑色巴哥参加犬展依然有些困难，因为赛场上浅褐色巴哥占多数，而且浅褐色巴哥的质量也在不断得到提高。

I’ve heard from Pug exhibitors that movement doesn’t matter because Pugs are a toy breed. Really? A Pug moving away from the judge must be strong and free through the hocks and stifles, with no twisting or turning of the rear—even though it is common to see this type of movement in the ring. And there is nothing quite so lovely as watching a Pug with correct side movement as it moves effortlessly around the ring.

我曾经听到有的指导手说过，巴哥的动态并不重要，因为巴哥属于玩具犬。真的是这样吗？巴哥在远离审查员移动时，步态必须结实，膝关节动作自然，后肢既不外翻也不内翻，然而这种步态在赛场也很常见。一只巴哥拥有正确的步态，在赛场上自由灵活的展示，没有什么比这个场面更可爱了。

My advice to new Pug exhibitors is to remember to show your Pug at a collected trot on a loose lead. There is nothing more disappointing for a judge than to see than a Pug strung up, gasping for air, as it is pulled around the ring. Exhibitors see handlers do it so they think it is correct and mimic them.

这里，我给新手参赛犬主的建议是，在场上展示犬只时，速度要缓慢，指导方法要是轻松，无压力的。对于一个审查员来说，最令人失望的莫过于看到一只巴哥犬挂在绳上，喘着气，因为它被硬拉到赛环上的。参赛犬主看到犬只指导手这样做，所以他们认为这是正确的，并且模仿他们。

I’d also like to see more Pugs in the ring that are shown without a lot of scissoring and sculpting. The Pug is a natural breed and should appear that way in the ring. Currently, the Pug Dog Club of America’s Illustrated Standard Committee is finalizing plans for the first update to the Standard since 1997. The new version will include more illustrations to better represent the Pug Standard.

我还希望看到更多没有经过美容修剪的巴哥犬出现在赛场上。巴哥是一种充满自然灵性的犬种，应该以最原始的状态出现。现在，美国标准委员会巴哥犬俱乐部确定实施犬种标准首次更新计划，而这套标准建立于1997年。新的犬种标准将会更好的阐述巴哥犬种标准。

On the health front, we are working on cures for eye diseases, such as Pigmentary Keratopathy, highlighted by the current research conducted by Dr. Amber Labelle at the University of Illinois. We continue to work on eradicating Pug Dog Encephalitis with research in progress at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. There is interest, both in the USA and abroad, in researching the rear limb ataxia/ paralysis that is not uncommon in the breed. Collaborations and fact finding are in the early stages but we hope to gain a handle on this problem in the coming years.

在健康方面，我们正在研究治疗眼睛疾病的方法，如色素性角膜病，这是在伊利诺大学的安布尔·拉贝尔博士所做的研究中提出的。在乔治亚大学动物医学院的研究中，我们将继续致力于根除巴哥犬脑炎的工作。无论是在美国还是在国外，研究人员都有兴趣研究后肢的共济失调/瘫痪，这种疾病犬类中并不罕见。合作与病因真相的发现还在早期阶段，但是我们希望在未来的几年里能够解决这个问题。

I’d be remiss not to mention sportsmanship. My single best advice to all dog show exhibitors, new or not, is to understand the definition of what it means to be a “good sport”. Too many exhibitors have lost touch with what good sportsmanship really means. In the end, a like all purebred dogs, Pug are bred to be companion dogs and so lets not lose sight of that when exhibiting, judging, breeding and most of all, living with and loving our Pugs.

最后，我不得不提到体育精神。对所有犬展参赛者们，我只有一点建议，不管你们是业余的还是专业的，首先要很好的理解体育赛事的精神。很多参赛者不明白这点。与其他纯种犬种一样，巴哥犬被当做宠物犬培养，所以在展示时，审查，以及繁殖它们的时候，我们要跟它们生活在一起，不要忽视它们，让我们一起热爱我们的巴哥犬。